602 Software Testing | 2 Marks Questions with Answer

Answer the following questions 

 

1.       What is software Testing?

Ans. : Software testing is a process used to identify the correctness, completeness, and quality of developed computer software. It includes a set of activities conducted with the intent of finding errors in software so that it could be corrected before the product is released to the end users.

 

2.       Explain terms Error, Fault, Failure?
Ans. : Error : An error is a mistake, misconception or misunderstanding on the part of a software developer. It might be typographical error, a misleading of specifications, or a misunderstanding of what a subroutine does.
Fault : A fault occurs when a human error results in a mistake in some software product(s).
Failure : A fault (bug) can go undetected until a failure occurs, which is when a user or tester perceives that the system is not delivering the expected service.

 

3.       What is informal Review?
Ans. : Informal review is an informal static test technique performed on any kind of requirements, design, code, or project plan. During informal review, the work product is given to a domain expert and the feedback/comments are reviewed by the owner/author.

 

4.       What is Static testing?
Ans. : Static Testing also called as "Dry Run Testing" refers to test something, which is STATIC - not running. For example, consider an analogy that you want to purchase the vehicle. The Static tests can be: 1. Door Locks and Door Retention Components. 2. Seating Systems. 3. Seat Belt Assembly. 4. Kicking the tires.

 

5.       What is Debugging?
Ans. : Debugging is the activity which is carried out by the development team (or developer), after getting the test report from the testing team about defect(s) (defects can also be reported by the client). The developer then tries to find the causes of the defect. Developer may need to go through lines of code and find which part of code is having defects.

 

6.       What is Purpose Of Software testing?
Ans. : Software testing is the process of evaluating and verifying that a software product or application does what it is supposed to do. The benefits of testing include preventing bugs, reducing development costs and improving performance.

 

7.       What is Cyclomatic Complexity?
Ans. : Cyclomatic complexity (CYC) is a software metric used to determine the complexity of a program. It is a count of the number of decisions in the source code. The higher the count, the more complex the code.

 

8.       What is Grey Box Testing?
Ans. : Gray Box Testing is a software testing method which is a combination of Black Box Testing method and White Box Testing method. In Black Box Testing, the internal structure of the item being tested is unknown to the tester and in White Box Testing the internal structure is known. In Gray Box Testing, the internal structure is partially known.

 

9. 9. What is boundary value analysis?
Ans. : Boundary Value Analysis is a software test design technique that involves determination of boundaries for input values. It selects values that are at the boundaries and just inside/outside of the boundaries as test data.

 

   10.  What is structural testing?
Ans. :  Structural testing is a type of software testing which uses the internal design of the software for testing or in other words the software testing which is performed by the team which knows the development phase of the software, is known as structural testing.

 

11.   What is functional testing?
Ans. : Functional testing is a type of testing that seeks to establish whether each application feature works as per the software requirements. Each function is compared to the corresponding requirement to ascertain whether its output is consistent with the end user's expectations.

 

1  12.   What is validation testing technique?

Ans. : The process of evaluating software during the development process or at the end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies specified business requirements.
Validation Testing ensures that the product actually meets the client's needs. It can also be defined as to demonstrate that the product fulfills its intended use when deployed on appropriate environment.

   13.   Write a short note on agile testing?

Ans. : A software testing practice that follows the principles of agile software development is called Agile Testing. Agile is an iterative development methodology, where requirements evolve through collaboration between the customer and self-organizing teams and agile aligns development with customer needs.

    14.   Write a short note on load testing?

Ans. : Load testing is performance testing technique using which the response of the system is measured under various load conditions. The load testing is performed for normal and peak load conditions.

    15.    What is reggration testing ?

Ans. : Whenever software is corrected, some aspect of software configuration is changed Regression testing is the activity that helps to determine whether changed component has introduced any error in unchanged components.
In other words, before a new version of a software product is released, the old test cases are run against the new version to make sure that all the old capabilities still work.

   

1   16.   Explain concept of complexity metrics?

Ans. : Cyclomatic complexity is a source code complexity measurement that is being correlated to a number of coding errors. It is calculated by developing a Control Flow Graph of the code that measures the number of linearly-independent paths through a program module.

      

1   17.   What is verification concept in software testing?

Ans. : Verification is the process of evaluating work-products of a development phase to determine whether they meet the specified requirements.
verification ensures that the product is built according to the requirements and design specifications. It also answers to the question, Are we building the product right?

     

    18.    What are types of reggration testing?
Ans. : There are two types of regression testing:
1. Regular Regression Testing: It is done between test cycles to ensure that the defect fixes are done and the functionality that was working with the earlier test cycles continue to work.
2. Final Regression Testing: It is done to validate the final build before release. The Configuration Management engineer delivers the final build and other contents exactly as it would go to the customer.     

1   19.   Explain Sandwich approach of testing?

Ans. : Sandwich testing is a method of testing that consists of the following− top-down and bottom-up approaches. It incorporates the benefits of both bottom-up and top-down research at the same time. Bottom-up testing begins in the middle layer and progresses upward to the top layer, while top-down testing begins in the middle layer and progresses downward.

 

    20.   Explain types of acceptance testing?

Ans. : Alpha Testing : It is virtually impossible for a software developer to see how the customer will really use a program. Instructions for use may be misinterpreted; strange combinations of data might be regularly used; output that seemed clear to the tester may be unintelligible to a user in the field.
Beta Testing : Beta testing is the term used to describe the external testing process in which software is sent out to a select group of potential customers who use it in a real-world environment. This testing usually occurs towards the end of the product development cycle and ideally should just be a validation that the software is ready to release to real customers.  

    21.   What is software metrics?

Ans. : In the software testing process, Software Testing Metrics are quantitative measures that are utilized to evaluate progress, quality, productivity, and general wellness. The major objective of software testing metrics is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the software testing process, as well as to assist in making smart decisions for future testing by giving dependable data about the testing process.

2  22.   Which are the types of metrics?

Ans. : Process Metrics: Process metrics define the characteristics and execution of a project. These characteristics are essential to the improvement and maintenance of the process in the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).
Product Metrics: Product metrics define the size, design, performance, quality, and complexity of a product. By using these characteristics, developers can enhance their software development quality.
Project Metrics: Project Metrics determine the overall quality of a project. It is used to calculate costs, productivity, defects and estimate the resource and deliverables of a project.

2   23.   What are direct and indirect measure?

Ans. : Direct Measurement: In direct measurement, the product, process, or thing is measured directly using a standard scale.
Indirect Measurement: In indirect measurement, the quantity or quality to be measured is measured using related parameters i.e. by use of reference.

    

    24.   What is Halstead’s metric?

Ans. : A computer program is an implementation of an algorithm considered to be a collection of tokens which can be classified as either operators or operands. Halstead’s metrics are included in a number of current commercial tools that count software lines of code. By counting the tokens and determining which are operators and which are operands, the following base measures can be collected :
n1 = Number of distinct operators.
n2 = Number of distinct operands.
N1 = Total number of occurrences of operators.
N2 = Total number of occurrences of operands.

2   25.   Which are the properties of metrics?

Ans. : Simple, definable: The metrics should be simple and definable so that we get a clear idea about how the metrics can be evaluated.
Objective: The metrics should be objective to the greatest extent possible. The metrics should be easily available that is the cost to get the metrics should be reasonable (i.e. related to cost).
Valid: The metric should measure what is intended to measure.
Robust: The metric should be relatively insensitive to insignificant changes in the process or product.

    26.   Which are the GUI testing types?

Ans. : 1. Windows compliance Testing
2. Web app interface testing

     

     27.   What is web based testing?

Ans. : A web-based application may be accessed and utilized across a network, such as the Internet, Intranet, or Extranet. The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks. Intranet is the network that internal employees use within the organization, while extranet is the network that the organization uses internally as well as with its business partners. Web-based architecture is an extension of Client/Server architecture. 

    

    28.   What is user documentation testing?

Ans. : User documentation includes: user manuals, user guides, installation and set-up instructions, online help, read me file(s), software release notes, and many more documents that are offered to end-users with the program to assist them to understand the software system.
Inadequate documentation might lead to incorrect system changes or wrong use of system output. Both of these issues might result in inaccurate system output "Documentation testing' is the  recommended test technique for documentation.  

 

    29.   Which is the first step in real time software testing?

Ans. : Task Testing: The first step is to test each task separately. For each assignment, white-box and black-box tests are designed and executed. During these tests, each task is completed individually. Task testing reveals only logical and functional flaws; timing and behavior aspects are not covered. 

    

     30.   What is test case design?

Ans. : Test case design refers to how you set-up your test cases. It is important that your tests are designed well, or you could fail to identify bugs and defects in your software during testing. There are many different test case design techniques used to test the functionality and various features of your software.

     31.   Which are the technique of test case design?

Ans. : The Techniques include: Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) Equivalence Partitioning (EP) Decision Table Testing.

     32.   What is apache Jmeter?

Ans. : Apache JMeter is a free and open-source testing tool. It is a load and performance testing program written entirely in Java. It was developed by Stefano Mazzocchi of the Apache Software Foundation. He wrote it solely to evaluate Apache Tomcat's performance. JMeter was later modified by Apache to improve the user interface and include functional testing capabilities.

     33.   What is Quality?

Ans. : Quality means consistently meeting client expectations in terms of service, delivery time, and cost. Quality software is bug-free, on time, within budget, satisfies client needs, and is easy to maintain.

     34.   Define the terms SQA?

Ans. : Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is the function of software quality that assures that the standards, processes, and procedures are appropriate for the project and are correctly implemented. SQA assures that standards and procedures are established and are also followed throughout the software life cycle.

     35.   What is the Win Runner Testing tool?

Ans. : WinRunner is the most used Automated Software Testing Tool HP/Mercury Interactive WinRunner is an automated functional GUI testing tool that allows a user to record and playback UI interactions as test scripts.