UNIT 1 : Concept of Statistics
1. A numerical value used as a summary
measure for a sample, such as a sample mean, is known as a_______
a) Population Parameter
b) Sample Parameters
c) Sample Statistics
d) Population Mean
Answer: c
2. Statistics branches
include___________
a) Applied Statistics
b) Mathematical Statistics
c) Industry Statistics
d) Both A and B
Answer: d
3. To enhance a procedure the control
charts and procedures of descriptive statistics are classified into_______
a) Behavioral Tools
b) Serial Tools
c) Industry Statistics
d) Statistical Tools
Answer: a
4. Sample statistics are also represented
as__________
a) Lower Case Greek Letter
b) Roman Letters
c) Associated Roman Alphabets
d) Upper Case Greek Letter
Answer: b
5. Individual respondents, focus
groups, and panels of respondents are categorized as_________
a) Primary Data Sources
b) Secondary Data Sources
c) Itemized Data Sources
d) Pointed Data Sources
Answer: a
6. The variables whose calculation is
done according to the weight, height and length and weight are known as:_______
a) Flowchart Variables
b) Discrete Variables
c) Continuous Variables
d) Measuring Variables
Answer: c
7. A method used to examine inflation
rate anticipation, unemployment rate and capacity utilization to produce products
is classified as________
a) Data Exporting Technique
b) Data Importing Technique
c) Forecasting Technique
d) Data Supplying Technique
Answer: c
8. Graphical and numerical methods are
specialized processes utilized in_________
a) Education Statistics
b) Descriptive Statistics
c) Business Statistics
d) Social Statistics
Answer: b
9. The scale applied in statistics
which imparts a difference of magnitude and proportions is considered as_____
a) Exponential Scale
b) Goodness Scale
c) Ratio Scale
d) Satisfactory Scale
Answer: c
10. Review of performance appraisal,
labor turnover rates, planning of incentives and training programs and are examples of
___________
a) Statistics in Production
b) Statistics in Marketing
c) Statistics in Finance
d) Statistics in Personnel Management
Answer: d
11. The number of accidents in a city
during 2010 is__________
a) Discrete variable
b) Continuous variable
c) Qualitative variables
d) Constant
Answer: b
12. The mean of a distribution is 23,
the median is 24, and the mode is 25.5. It is most likely that this distribution is__________
a) Positively Skewed
b) Symmetrical
c) Asymptotic
d) Negatively Skewed
Answer: c
13. According to the empirical rule,
approximately what percentage of the data should lie within $\mu \ p.m 2\sigma$?_______
a) 75%
b) 68%
c) 99.7%
d) 90%
Answer: c
14. Census reports used as a source of
data is________
a) Primary source
b) Secondary source
c) Organized data
d) None
Answer: d
15. The first hand and unorganized form
of data is called____________
a) Secondary data
b) Organized data
c) Primary data
d) None of these
Answer: c
16. If a distribution is abnormally
tall and peaked, then it can be said that the distribution is__________
a) Leptokurtic
b) Pyrokurtic
c) Platykurtic
d) Mesokurtic
Answer: b
17. A chance variation in an
observational process is____________
a) Dispersion/ Variability
b) Measurement error
c) Random error
d) Instrument error
Answer: a
18. Given $X_1=12,X_2=19,X_3=10,X_4=7$,
then $\sum_{i=1}^4 X_i$ equals?________
a) 36
b) 48
c) 41
d) 29
Answer: c
19. Questionnaire survey method is used
to collect____________
a) Secondary data
b) Qualitative variable
c) Primary data
d) None of these
Answer: c
20. The mean of a distribution is 14
and the standard deviation is 5. What is the value of the coefficient of variation?
a) 60.4%
b) 48.3%
c) 35.7%
d) 27.8%
Answer: b
21. Sum of dots when two dice are
rolled is___________
a) A discrete variable
b) A continuous variable
c) A constant
d) A qualitative variable
Answer: c
22. The data which have already been
collected by someone are called_____________
a) Raw data
b) Array data
c) Secondary data
d) Fictitious data
Answer: c
23. Data collected by NADRA to issue
computerized identity cards (CICs) are__________
a) Unofficial data
b) Qualitative data
c) Secondary data
d) Primary data
Answer: b
24. A parameter is a measure which is
computed from______________
a) Population data
b) Sample data
c) Test statistics
d) None of these
Answer: b
25. The grouped data is also
called_________
a) Raw data
b) Primary data
c) Secondary data
d) Qualitative data
Answer: d
26. Primary data and _____________ data
are same
a) Grouped
b) Secondary data
c) Ungrouped
d) None of these
Answer: b
27. A constant variable can take values
a) Zero
b) Fixed
c) Not fixed
d) Nothing
Answer: c
28. Cumulative frequency is___________
a) Decreasing
b) Increasing
c) Different
d) None of these
Answer: d
29. Data classified by attributes are
called____________
a) Qualitative Data
b) Quantitative Data
c) Ungrouped Data
d) Geographical Data
Answer: a
30. Statistics results are_____________
a) Absolutely Correct
b) Not True
c) True on Average
d) Universally True
Answer: c
31. Measurements usually
provide_____________
a) Discrete Data
b) Continuous Data
c) Qualitative Data
d) Primary Data
Answer: b
32. Which one is the not measure of
dispersion.
a) The Range
b) 50th Percentile
c) Inter-Quartile Range
d) Variance
Answer: b
33. Statistic is a numerical quantity,
which is calculated from_____________
a) Population
b) Sample
c) Data
d) Observations
Answer: b
34. In statistics, a sample
means_____________
a) A portion of the sample
b) A portion of the population
c) All the items under investigation
d) None of the above
Answer: b
35. Data in the Population Census
Report is___________
a) Grouped data
b) Ungrouped data
c) Secondary data
d) Primary data
Answer: c
36. When data are collected in a
statistical study for only a portion or subset of all elements of interest we are
using___________
a) A sample
b) A Parameter
c) A Population
d) Both b and c
Answer: a
37. The algebraic sum of deviations
from mean is___________
a) Maximum
b) Zero
c) Minimum
d) Undefined
Answer: b
38. In inferential statistics, we
study____________
a) The methods to make decisions about
the population based on sample results
b) How to make decisions about mean,
median, or mode
c) How a sample is obtained from a
population
d) None of the above
Answer: d
39. The height of a student is 60
inches. This is an example of___________
a) Qualitative data
b) Categorical data
c) Continuous data
d) Discrete data
Answer: a
40. In statistics, a population consists
of____________
a) All people living in a country
b) All people living in the area under
study
c) All subjects or objects whose
characteristics are being studied
d) None of the above
Answer: c
41. In descriptive statistics, we
study____________
a) The description of the
decision-making process
b) The methods for organizing,
displaying and describing data
c) How to describe the probability
distribution
d) None of the above
Answer: b
42. Which one of the following
measurement does not divide a set of observations into equal parts?__________
a) Quartiles
b) Standard Deviations
c) Percentiles
d) Deciles
Answer: c
43. In statistics, conducting a survey
means__________
a) Collecting information from elements
b) Making mathematical calculations
c) Drawing graphs and pictures
d) None of the above
Answer: b
44. You asked five of your classmates
about their height. On the basis of this information, you stated that the average height
of all students in your university or college is 67 inches. This is an
example of___________
a) Descriptive statistics
b) Inferential Statistics
c) Parameters
d) Population
Answer: b
45. Which branch of statistics deals
with the techniques that are used to organize, summarize, and present the data__________
a) Advanced Statistics
b) Probability Statistics
c) Inferential Statistics
d) Descriptive Statistics
Answer: c
46. Which of the following is not
based on all the observations?
a) Arithmetic Mean
b) Geometric Mean
c) Harmonic Mean
d) Mode
Answer: c
47. The weights of students in a
college/ school is a___________
a) Discrete Variable
b) Continuous Variable
c) Qualitative Variable
d) None of these
Answer: b
48. Life of a TV picture tube is
a__________
a) Discrete variable
b) Continuous variable
c) Qualitative variables
d) Constant
Answer: b
49. Population census is conducted
through________
a) Sample survey
b) Accounting
c) Investigation
d) Complete enumeration
Answer: d
50. Which of these represents
qualitative data___________
a) Height of a student
b) Liking or disliking of (500) persons
of a product
c) The income of a government servant
in a city
d) Yield from a wheat plot
Answer: b
UNIT 2 : Measures of Central Tendency
and Dispersion
1. What is the arithmetic mean of the
data set: 4, 5, 0, 10, 8, and 3?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
Answer: c
2. What is the geometric mean of: 1, 2,
8, and 16?___________
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
Answer a
3. The arithmetic mean of all possible
outcomes is known as___________
a) expected value
b) critical value
b) variance
d) standard deviation
Answer a
4. What is the average of 3%, 7%, 10%,
and 16%?____________
a) 8%
b) 9%
c) 10%
d) 11% Answer b
5. The mean, mode, and median of the
data set: 5, 4, 10, 12, 1, 5, 3, 7, 15, and 8 is respectively___________
a) 5, 6, 7
b) 7, 6, 5
c) 6, 5, 7
d) 7, 5, 6
Answer d
6. Harmonic men gives more weightage
to____________
a) Small Values
b) Large Values
c) Positive Values
d) Negative Values
Answer a
7. If the distribution is symmetric
about mean then the skewness is_____________.
a) 0
b) 1
c) Positive
d) negative
Answer a
8. Standard deviation is calculated
from the Harmonic Mean (HM)____________
a) Always
b) Sometimes
c) Never
d) None of these
Answer b
9. In statistics, a sample
means______________
a) A portion of the sample
b) A portion of the population
c) All the items under investigation
d) None of the above
Answer: b
10. The algebraic sum of deviations
from mean is__________
a) Maximum
b) Zero
c) Minimum
d) Undefined
Answer: b
11. Sum of deviations will be zero if
it is taken from___________
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Standard Deviation
Answer: a
12. Arithmetic Mean is __________
affected by extreme values
a) Not
b) Highly
c) Less
d) None of these
Answer: b
13. The sum of squared deviation is
least from____________
a) Median
b) Mean
c) Mode
d) Standard Deviation
Answer: b
14. __________ is based on all
observations of data
a) Median
b) Mode
c) Mean
d) None of these
Answer: c
15. The mean of 10 numbers is 9, then
the sum (total) of these numbers will be________
a) 9
b) 0.9
c) 70
d) 90
Answer: d
16. Arithmetic Mean is __________
affected by extreme values
a) Not
b) Highly
c) Less
d) None of these
Answer: b
17 The sum of values divided by their
number is called__________
a) Median
b) Harmonic Mean
c) Mean
d) Mode
Answer: c
18. The calculation of mean and
variance is based on_____________
a) Small values only
b) Large values only
c) Extreme values only
d) All values
Answer: d
19. The Geometric Mean of -2, 4, 03, 6,
0 will be______________
a) -3
b) 0
c) Cannot be Computed
d) None of these
Answer: c
20. The most repeated (popular) value
in a data set is called____________
a) Median
b) Mean
c) Mode
d) Geometric Mean
Answer: c
21. Which of the following Measure of
Averages is not based on all the values given in the data set___________
a) Arithmetic Mean
b) Geometric Mean
c) Median
d) Mode
Answer: c
22. Which of the following Measure of
averages is affected by extreme (very small or very large) values in the data set?____________
a) Geometric Mean
b) Median
c) Arithmetic Mean
d) Harmonic Mean
Answer: c
23. Data must be arranged either in
ascending or descending order if some want to compute________________
a) Mode
b) Median
c) Harmonic Mean
d) Median
Answer: d
24. If any of the value in data set is
negative then it is impossible to compute___________
a) Arithmetic Mean
b) Harmonic Mean
c) Geometric Mean
d) Mode
Answer: c
25. If any of the value in the data set
is zero then it is not possible (ie impossible) to compute_____________
a) Mode
b) Median
c) Mean
d) Harmonic Mean
Answer: d
26. To find the average speed of a
journey which is the appropriate measure of central tendency____________
a) Mean
b) Geometric Mean
c) Harmonic Mean
d) Weighted Mean
Answer: c
27. Which of the following cannot be
less than zero (negative)?_____________
a) Median
b) Geometric Mean
c) Arithmetic Mean
d) Harmonic Mean
Answer: b
28. ________ is the measure of average
which can have more than one value____________
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Harmonic Mean
d) Mode
Answer: d
29. Find the median of the following
data: 160, 180, 200, 280, 300, 320, 400______________
a) 140
b) 300
c) 180
d) 280
Answer: d
30. Which of the following describes
the middle part of a group of numbers?_____________
a) The Measure of Variability
b) The Measure of Central Tendency
c) The Measure of Association
d) The Measure of Shape
Answer: b
31. The middle value of an ordered
array of numbers is the_____________
a) Mode
b) Mean
c) Median
d) Mid-Point
Answer: c
32. If mean, median, and mode are all
equal then distribution will be_______________
a) Positive Skewed
b) Negative Skewed
c) Symmetrical
d) None of these
Answer: c
33. The values of mean, median and
mode can be____________
a) Some time equal
b) Never equal
c) Always equal
d) None of these
Answer: a
34. In symmetrical distribution, mean,
median, and mode are__________
a) Equal
b) Different
c) Zero
d) None of these
Answer: a
35. The empirical relation between
mean, median, and mode is____________
a) $ 3 mean – 2 median $
b) $ 3 median – 2 mean $
c) $ 2 mean – 3 median $
d) $ mean = median = mode $
Answer: b
36. In a symmetrical distribution, mean
is ____________ mode
a) Equal to
b) Less than
c) Greater than
d) Not equal to
Answer: a
37. If in a distribution left tail is
longer than right tail, then the distribution will be____________
a) Symmetrical
b) Positively skewed
c) Negative skewed
d) None of these
Answer: c
38. In Uni-model distribution, if mode
is less than mean, then the distribution will be__________
a) Symmetrical
b) Normal
c) Positively skewed
d) Negatively skewed
Answer: c
39. The shape of symmetrical
distribution is _______
a) U shaped
b) Bell Shaped
c) J Shaped
d) None of these
Answer: b
40. The distribution in which mean = 60
and mode = 50, will be ____________
a) Symmetrical
b) Positively skewed
c) Negative skewed
d) None of these
Answer: b
41. If mean is less than mode, the
distribution will be____________
a) Positively skewed
b) Negatively skewed
c) Symmetrical
d) None of these
Answer: b
42. A symmetrical distribution has mean
equal to 4. Its mode will be____________
a) Equal to 4
b) Less than 4
c) Greater than 4
d) Not equal to 4
Answer: a
43. A set of values is said to be
relatively uniform if it has___________
a) High Dispersion
b) Zero Dispersion
c) Little Dispersion
d) Negative Dispersion
Answer: c
44. The measures of dispersion are
changed by the change of_______________
a) Scale
b) Origin
c) Unit
d) None of these
Answer: a
45. Statistics are aggregates of
______________
a) Methods
b) Calculations
c) Facts
d) Data Answer: d
46. The appropriate average for
calculating average percentage increase in population is____________
a) Arithmetic Mean
b) Harmonic Mean
c) Mode
d) Geometric Mean
Answer: d
47. Which mean is most affected by
extreme values?
a) Geometric Mean
b) Harmonic Mean
c) Arithmetic mean
d) Trimmed Mean
Answer: c
48. When mean, median, and mode are
identical, the distribution is___________
a) Positively Skewed
b) Negatively Skewed
c) Symmetrical Bivariate
d) Uniform
Answer: c
49.Sum of absolute deviations about
median is_________
a) Zero
b) Maximum
c) Minimum
d) One
Answer: c
50. Sum of square of the deviations
about mean is___________
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) None of these
Answer: b
51. The extreme values in negatively
skewed distribution lie in the_____________
a) Middle
b) Right Tail
c) Left Tail
d) Whole Curve
Answer: c
UNIT 3 : Measures of Dispersion
1. Study of scatteredness of
observations is known as ________
a) Measure of dispersion
b) Standard deviation
c) Measure of central tendency
d) None of the above
Answer a
2. Standard deviation of first 50
natural number is__________
a) 12.43
b) 10.43
c) 14.43
d) 16.43
Answer c
3. Calculate coefficient of variation
c) V.) for the following data 2,4,8,6,10 and 12 is____________
a) 48.86
b) 42.86
c) 40.86
d) 0.49
Answer a
4. Calculate standard deviation for the
following sample data 2,4,6,8,10 and 12. Is________
a) 4.42
b) 2.42
c) 3.42
d) 5.42
Answer c
5. Standard deviation is
always___________
a) Negative
b) Positive
c) Zero
d) None of the above
Answer b
6. The arithmetic average of the
absolute deviation of a series known as the________
a) Standard deviation
b) Coefficient of mean deviation
c) Mean deviation
d) None of the above
Answer c
7. The average of the squared
deviations about the arithmetic mean for a set of numbers is__________
a) Standard deviation
b) Coefficient of mean deviation
c) Mean deviation
d) Variance
Answer d
8. The measure of dispersion which is
expressed in terms of the nits of observations__________
a) Absolute measure
b) Variance
c) Relative measure
d) None of the above
Answer a
9. If the difference of the third and
first quartiles is divided by the sum of the third and first quartiles then it is known as __________
a) Quartile
b) Coefficient of mean deviation
c) Coefficient of quartile deviation
d) None of the above
Answer c
10. The average of squared deviations
about the arithmetic mean for a set of numbers is called___________
a) Standard deviation
b) Coefficient of mean deviation
c) Mean deviation
d) Variance
Answer d
11. The measure of dispersion which is
expressed in terms of the units of the observations I called________ Absolute measure
a) Variance
b) Relative measure
c) None of the above
d) All of the above
Answer a
12. If the difference of the third and
first quartile is divided by the sum of the third and first quartile then it is known as__________
a) Quartile
b) Coefficient of mean deviation
c) Coefficient of quartile deviation
d) None of the above
Answer c
13. The scatter in a series of values
about the average is called___________
a) Central tendency
b) Dispersion
c) Skewness
d) Symmetry
Answer b
14. The measurements of spread or
scatter of the individual values around the central point is called________
a) Measures of dispersion
b) Measures of central tendency
c) Measures of skewness
d) Measures of kurtosis
Answer a
15. The measures used to calculate the
variation present among the observations in the unit of the variable is called___________
a) Relative measures of dispersion
b) Coefficient of skewness
c) Absolute measures of dispersion
d) Coefficient of variation
Answer c
16. The measures used to calculate the
variation present among the observations relative to them average is
called_______
a) Coefficient of kurtosis
b) Absolute measures of dispersion
c) Quartile deviation
d) Relative measures of dispersion
Answer d
17. The degree to which numerical data
tend to spread about an average value called________
a) Constant
b) Flatness
c) Variation
d) Skewness
Answer c
18. The measures of dispersion can
never be__________
a) Positive
b) Zero
c) Negative
d) Equal to
Answer c
19. If all the scores on examination
cluster around the mean, the dispersion is said to be________
a) Small
b) Large
c) Normal
d) Symmetrical
Answer a
20. If there are many extreme scores on
all examinations, the dispersion is____________
a) Large
b) Small
c) Normal
d) Symmetrical
Answer a
21. Given below the four sets of
observations. Which set has the minimum variation?
a) 46, 48, 50, 52, 54
b) 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
c) 40, 50, 60, 70, 80
d) 48, 49, 50, 51, 52
Answer d
22. Which of the following is an
absolute measure of dispersion?___________
a) Coefficient of variation
b) Coefficient of dispersion
c) Standard deviation
d) Coefficient of skewness
Answer c
23. The measure of dispersion which
uses only two observations is called___________-
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Range
d) Coefficient of variation
Answer c
24. The measure of dispersion which
uses only two observations is called__________
a) Range
b) Quartile deviation
c) Mean deviation
d) Standard deviation
Answer a
25. In quality control of manufactured
items, the most common measure of dispersion is___________
a) Range
b) Average deviation
c) Standard deviation
d) Quartile deviation
Answer a
26. The range of the scores 29, 3, 143,
27, 99 is_____________
a) 140
b) 143
c) 146
d) 70
Answer b
27. If the observations of a variable X
are, -4, -20, -30, -44 and -36, then the value of the range will be_________
a) -48
b) 40
c) -40
d) 48
Answer d
28. The range of the values -5, -8,
-10, 0, 6, 10 is___________
a) 0
b) 10
c) -10
d) 20
Answer d
29. If Y = ax ± b, where a and b are
any two numbers and a is not equal to 0, then the range of Y values will be __________
a) Range(X)
b) a range(x) + b
c) a range(x) - b
d) |a| range(x)
Answer a
30. If the maximum value in a series is
25 and its range is 15, the maximum value of the series is___________
a) 10
b) 15
c) 25
d) 35
Answer b
31. Half of the difference between
upper and lower quartiles is called___________
a) Interquartile range
b) Quartile deviation
c) Mean deviation
d) Standard deviation
Answer c
32. If Q3=20 and Q1=10, the coefficient
of quartile deviation is___________
a) 3
b) 1/3
c) 2/3
d) 1
Answer b
33. Which measure of dispersion can be
computed in case of openend classes?___________
a) Standard deviation
b) Range
c) Quartile deviation
d) Coefficient of variation
Answer c
34. If Y = ax ± b, where a and b are
any two constants and a is not equal to 0, then the quartile Deviation of Y values is
equal to_____________
a) a QD(X) + b
b) |a| QD(X)
c) QD(X) – b
d) |b|. QD(X)
Answer c
35. The sum of absolute deviations is
minimum if these deviations are taken from the_____________
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Upper quartile
Answer c
36. The mean deviation is minimum when
deviations are taken from____________
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Zero
Answer d
37. If Y = ax ± b, where a and b are
any two numbers but a 0, then MD(Y) is equal to__________
a) MD(X)
b) MD(X) ± b
c) a MD(X)
d) MD(Y) + MD(X)
Answer d
38. The mean deviation of the scores
12, 15, 18 is_____________
a) 6
b) 0
c) 3
d) 2
Answer b
39. Mean deviation computed from a set
of data is always____________
a) Negative
b) Equal to standard deviation
c) More than standard deviation
d) Less than standard deviation
Answer a
40. The average of squared deviations
from mean is called_____________
a) Mean deviation
b) Variance
c) Standard deviation
d) Coefficient of variation
Answer b
41. The sum of squares of the
deviations is minimum, when deviations are taken from__________
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Zero
Answer c
42. Which of the following measures of
dispersion is expressed in the same units as the units of observation?__________
a) Variance
b) Standard deviation
c) Coefficient of variation
d) Coefficient of standard deviation
Answer c
43. Which measure of dispersion has a
different unit other than the unit of measurement of values________
a) Range
b) Standard deviation
c) Variance
d) Mean deviation
Answer b
44. Which of the following is a unit
free quantity___________
a) Range
b) Standard deviation
c) Coefficient of variation
d) Arithmetic mean
Answer d
45. If the dispersion is small, the
standard deviation is____________
a) Large
b) Zero
c) Small
d) Negative
Answer c
46. The value of standard deviation
changes by a change of__________
a) Origin
b) Scale
c) Algebraic signs
d) None
Answer d
47. The standard deviation one
distribution divided by the mean of the distribution and expressing in percentage is
called_____________
a) Coefficient of standard deviation
b) Coefficient of skewness
c) Coefficient of quartile deviation
d) Coefficient of variation
Answer a
48. The positive square root of the
mean of the squares of the deviations of observations from their mean is called____________
a) Variance
b) Range
c) Standard deviation
d) Coefficient of variation
Answer d
49. The variance is zero only if all
observations are the___________
a) Different
b) Square
c) Square root
d) Same
Answer d
50. The standard deviation is
independent of_____________
a) Change of origin
b) Change of scale of measurement
c) Change of origin and scale of
measurement
d) Difficult to tell
Answer b
51. If there are ten values each equal
to 10, then standard deviation of these values is___________
a) 100
b) 20
c) 10
d) 0
Answer c
UNIT 4 : Correlation and Regression
1. Which is a method of measuring
correlation?
a) Graphic correlation
b) Scatter diagrams
c) None of these
d) Both of these
Answer d
2. A scatter diagram is________
a) A statistical test
b) Linear
c) Curvilinear
d) A graph showing x and y values
Answer d
3. If there exists any relationship
between the sets of variables, it is called__________
a) Regression
b) Skewness
c) Correlation
d) All of these
Answer c
4. Perfect correlation is one in which
a) Area of a circle is in definite
constant relationship with radius
b) When area of the circle is ½
radius
c) None of these
d) All of these
Answer C
5. Which of the following measurement
scales is required for the valid calculation of Karl Pearson's correlation
coefficient?__________
a) Ordinal
b) Interval
c) Ratio
d) Nominal
Answer a
6. Which of the following points is not
related with the utility of correlation?
a) Relation between two variables
b) Help in decision making
c) Useful in research work
d) All of these
Answer d
7. Which of the following is not the
cause of the correlation?____________
a) Direct relationship
b) Correlation due to any other common
cause
c) Mutual Reaction
d) None of these
Answer d
8. Which of the following is the
highest range of r?__________
a) 0 and 1
b) -1 and 0
c) -1 and 1
d) None of these
Answer c
9. When the correlation coefficient
between x and y is positive, then as variable x decreases, variable y
a) Remains the same
b) Increases
c) Decreases
d) Changes linearly
Answer b
10. Which of the following is most
likely to be an inverse relationship?__________
a) Between income and expenditure on
education
b) Between price increase and demand
for a certain product
c) Between average number of hours
studied per day and the performance of the students in the examination
d) Between advertising expenditure and
sales of a product.
Answer b
11. Which of the following measurement
scales is required for the valid calculation of spearman correlation coefficient?
a) Ordinal
b) Interval
c) Nominal
d) Ratio
Answer b
12. The ratio of the average deviations
is called__________
a) Regression
b) Correlation
c) Skewness
d) All of these
Answer a
13. What will be the range of r when we
find that the dependent variable increases as the independent variable increases?__________
a) 0 to -0.05
b) 1 to 2
c) 0.1 to 1
d) None of these
Answer c
14. Which of the following is true if
the estimating equation has to be a perfect estimator of the dependent
variable?______________
a) The coefficient of determination is
-1
b) All the data points are on the
regression line.
c) The standard error of the estimate
is zero
d) B and C
Answer d
15. When a multiple correlation
coefficient R 1.23 =1 , then R 2.13 is________
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) None of these
Answer a
16. When a multiple correlation
coefficient r 1.2=1, then it shows __________
a) Reasonably good relationship
b) Lack of linear relationship
c) Perfect relationship
d) None of these
Answer C
17. When the two regression lines
coincide, then r is_________
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) None of these
Answer C
18. Statistics branches
include__________
a) Applied Statistics
b) Mathematical Statistics
c) Industry Statistics
d) Both A and B
Answer d
19. The variables whose calculation is
done according to the weight, height and length and weight are known as__________
a) Flowchart Variables
b) Discrete Variables
c) Continuous Variables
d) Measuring Variables
Answer C
20. The number of accidents in a city
during 2010 is___________
a) Discrete variable
b) Continuous variable
c) Qualitative variables
d) Constant
Answer b
21. The correlation coefficient is used
to determine________
a) A specific value of the y-variable
given a specific value of the x-variable
b) A specific value of the x-variable
given a specific value of the y-variable
c) The strength of the relationship
between the x and y variables
d) None of these Answer c
22. If there is a very strong
correlation between two variables then the correlation coefficient must be _______
a) Any value greater than 1
b) much smaller than 0, if the
correlation is negative
c) Much larger than 0, regardless of
whether the correlation is negative or positive
d) None of these alternatives is
correct.
Answer b
23. In regression, the equation that
describes how the response variable (y) is related to the explanatory variable (x) is___________
a) the correlation model
b) the regression model
c) Used to calculate the correlation
coefficient
d) None of these alternatives is
correct.
Answer b
24. The relationship between number of
beers consumed (x) and blood alcohol content (y) was studied in 16 male college students by
using least squares regression. The following regression equation was
obtained from this study: != -0.0127 + 0.0180x The above equation
implies that__________
a) Each beer consumed increases blood
alcohol by 1.27%
b) on average it takes 1.8 beers to
increase blood alcohol content by 1%
c) each beer consumed increases blood
alcohol by an average of amount of 1.8%
d) each beer consumed increases blood
alcohol by exactly 0.018
Answer c
25. SSE can never be _____________
a) larger than SST
b) smaller than SST
c) equal to 1
d) equal to zero Answer a
26. Regression modeling is a
statistical framework for developing a mathematical equation that describes how __________
a) One explanatory and one or more
response variables are related
b) Several explanatory and several
response variables response are related
c) One response and one or more
explanatory variables are related
d) All of these are
correct. Answer c
27. In regression analysis, the
variable that is being predicted is the __________
a) response, or dependent, variable
b) independent variable
c) intervening variable
d) is usually x Answer a
28. Regression analysis was applied to
return rates of sparrowhawk colonies. Regression analysis was used to study the relationship
between return rate (x: % of birds that return to the colony in a given year) and immigration rate (y: % of new adults that join the
colony per year). The following regression equation
was obtained) ! = 31.9 – 0.34x Based on the above estimated regression
equation, if the return rate were to decrease by 10%
the rate of immigration to the colony would________________
a) increase by 34%
b) increase by 3.4%
c) decrease by 0.34%
d) decrease by 3.4%
Answer: b
29. In least squares regression, which
of the following is not a required assumption about the error term ε? ___________
a) The expected value of the error term
is one.
b) The variance of the error term is
the same for all values of x.
c) The values of the error term are
independent.
d) The error term is normally
distributed
Answer a
30. Larger values of r 2 (R2 ) imply
that the observations are more closely grouped about the __________
a) Average value of the independent
variables
b) average value of the dependent
variable
c) least squares line
d) origin
Answer c
31. In a regression analysis if r 2 =
1, then ___________
a) SSE must also be equal to one
b) SSE must be equal to zero
c) SSE can be any positive value
d) SSE must be negative
Answer: b
32. The coefficient of correlation
a) is the square of the coefficient of
determination
b) is the square root of the
coefficient of determination
c) is the same as r-square
d) can never be negative
Answer b
33. In regression analysis, the
variable that is used to explain the change in the outcome of an experiment, or some natural
process, is called ________
a) the x-variable
b) the independent variable
c) the predictor variable
d) the explanatory variable
e) all of the above option are
correct
f) none are correct
Answer e
34. In the case of an algebraic model
for a straight line, if a value for the x variable is specified, then________
a) the exact value of the response
variable can be computed
b) The computed response to the
independent value will always give a minimal residual
c) The computed value of y will always
be the best estimate of the mean response
d) none of these alternatives is
correct.
Answer a
35. A regression analysis between sales
(in $1000) and price (in dollars) resulted in the following equation: ! = 50,000 - 8X The above equation implies that an ________
a) Increase of $1 in price is
associated with a decrease of $8 in sales
b) An increase of $8 in price is
associated with an increase of $8,000 in sales
c) An increase of $1 in price is
associated with a decrease of $42,000 in sales
d) Increase of $1 in price is
associated with a decrease of $8000 in sales
Answer d
36. In a regression and correlation
analysis if r 2 = 1, then ___________
a) SSE = SST
b) SSE = 1
c) SSR = SSE
d) SSR = SST
Answer d
37. If the coefficient of determination
is a positive value, then the regression equation__________
a) must have a positive slope
b) must have a negative slope
c) could have either a positive or a
negative slope
d) must have a positive y intercept
Answer c
38. If two variables, x and y, have a
very strong linear relationship, then ____________
a) There is evidence that x causes a
change in y
b) There is evidence that y causes a
change in x
c) There might not be any causal
relationship between x and y
d) None of these alternatives is
correct. Answer c
39. If the coefficient of determination
is equal to 1, then the correlation coefficient _______
a) must also be equal to 1
b) can be either -1 or +1
c) can be any value between -1 to +1
d) must be -1
Answer b
40. In regression analysis, if the
independent variable is measured in kilograms, the dependent variable ______
a) must also be in kilograms
b) Must be in some unit of weight
c) cannot be in kilograms
d) can be any units
Answer d
41. The data are the same as for
question 4 above. The relationship between number of beers consumed (x) and blood alcohol
content (y) was studied in 16 male college students by using least squares regression. The following regression equation was
obtained from this study: != -0.0127 + 0.0180x Suppose that the legal
limit to drive is a blood alcohol content of 0.08. If Ricky consumed 5
beers the model would predict that he would be____________
a) 0.09 above the legal limit
b) 0.0027 below the legal limit
c) 0.0027 above the legal limit
d) 0.0733 above the legal limit
Answer b
42. If the correlation coefficient is
0.8, the percentage of variation in the response variable explained by the variation in the
explanatory variable is____________
a) 0.80%
b) 80%
c) 0.64%
d) 64%
Answer b
43. If the correlation coefficient is a
positive value, then the slope of the regression line ___________
a) must also be positive
b) can be either negative or positive
c) can be zero
d) can not be zero
Answer d
44. If the coefficient of determination
is 0.81, the correlation coefficient __________
a) is 0.6561
b) could be either + 0.9 or - 0.9
c) must be positive
d) must be negative
Answer a
45. A fitted least squares regression
line ____________
a) May be used to predict a value of y
if the corresponding x value is given
b) is evidence for a cause-effect
relationship between x and y
c) can only be computed if a strong
linear relationship exists between x and y
d) None of these alternatives is
correct.
Answer b
46. Regression analysis was applied
between $ sales (y) and $ advertising (x) across all the branches of a major international
corporation. The following regression function was obtained) ! = 5000
+ 7.25x If the advertising budgets of two branches of the
corporation differ by $30,000, then what will be the predicted difference in their sales? __________
a) $217,500
b) $222,500
c) $5000
d) $7.25
Answer a
47. Suppose the correlation coefficient
between height (as measured in feet) versus weight (as measured in pounds) is
0.40. What is the correlation coefficient of height measured in inches
versus weight measured in ounces? [12 inches = one foot; 16
ounces = one pound] _______
a) 0.40
b) 0.30
c) 0.533
d) cannot be determined from
information given e. none of these
Answer a
48. Assume the same variables as in
question 28 above; Height is measured in feet and weight is measured in pounds. Now,
suppose that the units of both variables are converted to metric (meters and
kilograms). The impact on the slope is__________
a) the sign of the slope will change
b) The magnitude of the slope will
change
c) both a and b are correct
d) Neither a nor b are correct
Answer a
49. Suppose that you have carried out a
regression analysis where the total variance in the response is 133452 and the correlation
coefficient was 0.85. The residual sums of squares is____________
a) 37032.92
b) 20017.8
c) 113434.2
d) 96419.07
e) 15% f. 0.15
Answer b
50. In a regression analysis if SSE =
200 and SSR = 300, then the coefficient of determination is ___________
a) 0.6667
b) 0.6000
c) 0.4000
d) 1.5000
Answer b
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